Why Do We Shake Hands? | A Brief History of Handshakes

Why do we shake hands? It's a gesture so common we rarely think twice about it. Whether you're meeting someone for the first time, sealing a business deal, or greeting a friend, the handshake is often the go-to move. But this simple act has a surprisingly long and symbolic history.

Ancient Origins: Trust Begins With Empty Hands

The earliest known depictions of handshakes date back to the 9th century BC Assyria, where stone reliefs show kings grasping hands to seal alliances. In this context, the handshake symbolized mutual respect and agreement between rulers.

Later, in the 5th century BC Greece, warriors would shake hands—not to greet one another—but to show they weren’t holding weapons. It was a nonverbal gesture of peace and trust: “Look, I come unarmed.”

Key takeaway: In ancient times, handshakes were literally about survival—proof you weren’t a threat.

Middle Ages: A Safety Check in Disguise

Fast forward to the Middle Ages, and the handshake took on a more practical purpose. Knights and soldiers would shake hands vigorously to dislodge any hidden weapons in sleeves or gloves.

While the threat of concealed daggers has faded, the gesture remained, gradually shifting from a tactical move to a symbol of respect and mutual recognition.

Quakers and Equality: The Modern Handshake is Born

The handshake as we know it today took root in the 17th century, thanks to the Quakers—a Christian movement that emphasized equality and humility. Quakers rejected bowing and tipping hats, which they viewed as symbols of social hierarchy, and instead adopted the handshake as a simple, equal way to greet others.

By the 1800s, the gesture had become widespread in Western business and diplomacy.

Not Everyone Shakes Hands: Cultural Alternatives Around the World

While the handshake is common in many places, it’s far from universal.

• In Japan, bowing is the traditional greeting. The depth of the bow reflects the level of respect.

• In India, people say Namaste, pressing their palms together with a slight bow — a greeting with spiritual significance.

• In some African countries, handshakes may include finger snaps, multiple steps, or claps, often turning into a rhythmic, friendly ritual.

Despite the differences, the message behind these gestures is the same: “I acknowledge you. I respect you. I trust you.”

The Handshake Today: A Symbol Under Scrutiny

In the 21st century, the handshake is still a powerful symbol — used in everything from political summits to sportsmanship. But it’s also evolved:

• During the COVID-19 pandemic, handshakes declined due to health concerns, replaced by elbow bumps, waves, or non-contact greetings.

• In professional settings, some people now ask before initiating a handshake, respecting personal and cultural boundaries.

Despite these changes, the core meaning of the handshake remains: a ritual of trust, equality, and human connection.

Final Thought: A Gesture That’s More Than Just a Habit

So the next time you extend your hand, remember — you’re participating in a tradition that goes back thousands of years. What started as a way to prove you weren’t hiding a weapon has become a universal language of respect.

It’s simple. It’s powerful. And yes — it still matters.